

Keywords Be-diffusion, FTIR, corundum Introduction In mid-2001 Be-diffusion for corundum was first reported, when suddenly an unusually large number of Padparadscha coloured sapphires appeared in the market (Hänni & Pettke, 2002). Ever since, gemmological laboratories were confronted with the challenging task of detecting Be in corundum.





Corundum is an aluminum oxide that occurs in every color of the rainbow. It is allochromatic. When it is red, it is termed ruby. When it occurs in any other color, it is termed sapphire. There are two primary ways that corundum is formed. One is the metamorphosis of limestone and the other is an igneous occurrence in rocks lacking in silica.





The corundum mineral family stands as a titan in the world of gemstones, celebrated for its exceptional hardness and vibrant colours.This remarkable mineral family encompasses a range of prized gems, most notably the fiery ruby and the enchanting sapphire, each possessing unique characteristics that have fascinated civilisations for millennia.. Among …









Corundum is an open-source, high-performance FPGA-based NIC and platform for in-network compute. Features include a high performance datapath, 10G/25G/100G Ethernet, PCI express gen 3, a custom, high performance, tightly-integrated PCIe DMA engine, many (1000+) transmit, receive, completion, and event queues, scatter/gather DMA, MSI interrupts, multiple …











Corundum is an open-source, high-performance FPGA-based NIC and platform for in-network compute. Features include a high performance datapath, 10G/25G/100G Ethernet, PCI express gen 3, a custom, high performance, tightly-integrated PCIe DMA engine, many (1000+) transmit, receive, completion, and event queues, scatter/gather DMA, MSI interrupts, multiple …





















Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and chromium. It is a rock-forming mineral. It is one of the naturally transparent materials, but can have different colors when impurities are present. Transparent specimens are used as gems, called ruby if red and padparadscha ...



Corundum is a refractory raw material with Al 2 O 3 as the major component. It is widely added to magnesia–aluminum spinel refractory materials for iron and steel smelting by refractory manufacturers [22, 23].The Al 2 O 3 content is an essential indicator of the corundum quality. At the same time, because the impurity types and contents affect the physicochemical …
